In 1974 I wrote: “Whether by design or default, there has arisen a phenomenon – the manufacture of educational innovations…to engineer, monitor and control change…those changes that are allowed…are those that do not seriously disturb the basic, long-established structures as they now exist. In other words, what is being presented is but the illusion of change.”

I will provide a more complete digest of this Education 460 (UBC, Introd. to Educ. Admin) essay soon.